What features are available for my non-Microsoft account in ? For, the following features are only available for Gmail accounts. The ability to sync to the Microsoft Cloud is available to users who have an active Microsoft 365 personal or family subscription. For other accounts, check with those providers for help.įor a list of known issues for Gmail accounts see Known issues syncing Google accounts to the Microsoft Cloud. If you're having trouble synchronizing your Gmail account to the Microsoft Cloud, see Fix problems connecting your Google account to the Microsoft Cloud. In addition, the provider’s terms of service and privacy policy will continue to apply to your account data. The Microsoft Services Agreement and the Microsoft Privacy Statement apply to both your use of these versions of Outlook and to your account data. Rich editing, spelling, and auto complete suggestions powered by Microsoft EditorĬalendar (Gmail, Yahoo, and iCloud accounts) Note: IMAP only supports mail.Ĭontacts (Gmail, Yahoo, and iCloud accounts) Note: IMAP only supports mail. Mark as Favorite (people, folders, groups) What features are available for my non-Microsoft account in the new Outlook for Mac? The Microsoft Services Agreement and the Microsoft Privacy Statement apply to your use of these versions of Outlook and to your account data. In addition, the provider’s terms of service and privacy policy continue to apply to your account data. Rich editing, spelling, and auto complete suggestions powered by Microsoft Editor. Respond to an email with a meeting request Mark as favorite (people, folders, groups) The ability to sync to the Microsoft Cloud is available to users of New Outlook for Windows, for which, the following features are available for Gmail and Yahoo accounts. Your experience on your native account and within any apps from that provider will remain unchanged. Having your mailbox data in the Microsoft Cloud lets you use the new features of the Outlook client (New Outlook for Windows, Outlook for iOS, Outlook for Android,, or Outlook for Mac) with your non-Microsoft account, just like with your Microsoft accounts. Syncing your account to the Microsoft Cloud means that a copy of your email, calendar, and contacts will be synchronized between your email provider and Microsoft data centers. ![]() What happens when I sync my account to the Microsoft Cloud? ![]() This allows you to enjoy many features that were previously only available to those with Microsoft 365, or Microsoft Exchange Online email accounts. Also available for Gmail and Yahoo accounts in New Outlook for Windows and available for Gmail accounts in. This is available for Gmail, Yahoo, iCloud, and IMAP accounts in Outlook for iOS, Outlook for Android, and new Outlook for Mac. f4cda0ec-2f65-8f51-b17f-25bae7eed16e is an addressbook created and synced from another application.To enhance your Microsoft 365 experience in New Outlook for Windows,, Outlook for iOS, Outlook for Android, and new Outlook for Mac, you can now sync your non-Microsoft accounts (including their emails, contacts, and events) to the Microsoft Cloud. ![]() "PROPFIND /martin/ HTTP/1.1" 401 61 "-" "Mac OS X/10.13.1 (17B48) AddressBook/1806" "-"Īfter setting up, the account is shown in radicale but no contacts are shown.
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![]() If you know how to use other Office apps, like Word or Excel, everything about OneNote will feel familiar to you. If you want a note-taking app that feels at home on Windows, offers a generous free version, and has just about every feature you can imagine, it's hard to top Microsoft's own OneNote. Based on that experience, here are the four note-taking apps that, in my opinion, best address the needs of Windows users. I considered around twenty Windows note-taking apps and tested the best options. Such apps might work for some people, but for this list, I tried to only consider apps that truly fit in on Windows and offer at least some offline functionality. Some tools offer a "Windows app" that's really just the web version in a dedicated window. I only considered apps that offer some kind of syncing ability.Īre an actual Windows app. Sometimes you're going to want to add a note on your phone or read through notes on your tablet. The best apps balance this well, either by being easy to use or by offering features that are useful enough to warrant their learning curve. It's ok for a note-taking app to be harder to use than a paper notebook, but the user needs to get something in exchange for the complexity. The best organizational system in the world doesn't mean you won't occasionally have to search, so it's important to be able to search the contents of all your notes-not just the current note and not just the note titles.īalance ease of use with power. You need to be able to sort your notes in flexible ways, including not just folders but also tags, internal links, and note hierarchies. A sprawling list of notes you've taken isn't helpful. Creating a new note should be as simple as opening the app and clicking a button or, even better, using a keyboard shortcut. You don't want to fuss around when inspiration strikes. The best note-taking app for Windows should do the following: Still, there are a few things that I think the best Windows note-taking apps need to do in order to be considered for a list like this. I also know that note-taking is an intensely personal thing-everyone is going to have preferences. I would be lost without a good note-taking system, which means I have opinions about the system that works best for me. ![]() I've been a technology journalist for a decade and a half, meaning I'm frequently researching applications and interviewing creators, experts, and academics. For more details on our process, read the full rundown of how we select apps to feature on the Zapier blog. We're never paid for placement in our articles from any app or for links to any site-we value the trust readers put in us to offer authentic evaluations of the categories and apps we review. We spend dozens of hours researching and testing apps, using each app as it's intended to be used and evaluating it against the criteria we set for the category. All of our best apps roundups are written by humans who've spent much of their careers using, testing, and writing about software. 285–222 BC) fitted his clepsydras with dial and pointer for indicating the time, and added elaborate "alarm systems, which could be made to drop pebbles on a gong, or blow trumpets (by forcing bell-jars down into water and taking the compressed air through a beating reed) at pre-set times" ( Vitruv 11.11). The Hellenistic engineer and inventor Ctesibius ( fl. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato (428–348 BC) was said to possess a large water clock with an unspecified alarm signal similar to the sound of a water organ he used it at night, possibly for signaling the beginning of his lectures at dawn ( Athenaeus 4.174c). History The Obelisk of Theodosius, detail of the pedestal: Theodosius I offers laurels of victory we can see the water organ of Ctesibius, in the lower right-hand corner. Simple battery-powered alarm clocks make a loud buzzing, ringing or beeping sound to wake a sleeper, while novelty alarm clocks can speak, laugh, sing, or play sounds from nature. Digital ĭigital alarm clocks can make other noises. In an electronically operated bell-type alarm clock, the bell is rung by an electromagnetic circuit with an armature that turns the circuit on and off repeatedly. In some models, the metal cover at back of the clock itself also functions as the bell. Traditional mechanical alarm clocks have one or two bells that ring by means of a mainspring that powers a gear to quickly move a hammer back and forth between the two bells or between the internal sides of a single bell. Most modern televisions, computers, mobile phones and digital watches have alarm functions that automatically turn on or sound alerts at a specific time. A progressive alarm clock can have different alarms for different times (see next-generation alarms) and play music of the user's choice. Additionally, some alarm clocks can set multiple alarms. Many alarm clocks have radio receivers that can be set to start playing at specified times, and are known as clock radios. Alarm clock functions are also used in mobile phones, watches, and computers. A classic analog alarm clock has an extra hand or inset dial that is used to show the time at which the alarm will ring. To turn off the sound or light, a button or handle on the clock is pressed most clocks automatically turn off the alarm if left unattended long enough. Some have sensors to identify when a person is in a light stage of sleep, in order to avoid waking someone who is deeply asleep, which causes tiredness, even if the person has had adequate sleep. Most alarm clocks make sounds some make light or vibration. The primary function of these clocks is to awaken people from their night's sleep or short naps they can sometimes be used for other reminders as well. ![]() Use pin 7 of the fifth 7490 for the 24-hour European clock.A traditional wind-up (key-wound), mechanical spring-powered alarm clockĪn alarm clock or alarm is a clock that is designed to alert an individual or group of individuals at a specified time. Use pin 6 of the fifth 7490 for the American 12-hour clock. Connect pin 6 or pin 7 of the fifth 7490 as the clocking input of the sixth 7490.Wire the wiper of the switch to the clock input of the fifth 7490. Wire the normally open contact of the switch to the 1 Hz time base. Wire the output from pin 8 of the fourth 7490 to the normally closed contact of a single pole double throw switch. ![]() ![]()
![]() WhatsApp launches a HUGE update that transforms the way you send photos to your friends - here's what you need to know.Golden Labrador is 'left locked inside a campervan with windows closed for three days' before police smashed their way in to rescue the dog.Fury over 'never-ending' plans to 'get money out of motorists' as London councils consider hiking parking fines by up to 25%.Detectives investigating cash-for-honours allegations involving King's charity The Prince's Foundation will take no further action, Met Police say.Pregnant woman who was told 'you will be terminated' by female restaurant boss awarded £35,000 for discrimination and unfair dismissal.Six bizarre signs of skin cancer revealed after radio legend Chris Evans' diagnosis.Chris Evans diagnosed with skin cancer: Presenter, 57, praises 'angel sent from heaven' who spotted his 'freckle' and urged him to seek medical attention.but the experts aren't convinced by claims peddled by artisan bakers The £22 loaf of bread that can supposedly cure your IBS.Japanese grocery store slams 'rude' tourists and puts up a sign instructing 'basic manners': 'We are very troubled'.From a dog's dinner to skint and even spend a penny! Nursing bosses create ultimate 46-term guide to British slang so foreign medics know what patients mean.and the holiday rep even wore a hard hat and hi-vis vest Furious Brits arrive at Cyprus resort only to find it unrecognisable amid construction works with huge holes and bare cables. ![]() Lucy Letby's parents skip sentencing in show of solidarity for their cowardly killer daughter after attending court every day.'God saved our baby but the Devil found her': Parents of newborns murdered by 'cowardly' Lucy Letby tell court 'our world shattered when we discovered evil disguised as a caring nurse' as killer refuses to appear for sentencing in 'final act of wickedness'.Lucy Letby sentencing LIVE: Killer nurse robbed parents of their 'cherished children', says judge as sentencing remarks get underway.Lucy Letby is sentenced to whole life order: Serial killer will die in jail after murdering seven babies and trying to kill six more - as judge says she had 'enthusiasm' for watching resuscitation of babies - but coward nurse refuses to face court. For example you wouldn't be able to provide to the model what's after the cursor. Instead I would use Completion and supply the whole code file to it as an input. # Calculate the mean value of each row and columnĮdit On a second thought, I wouldn't use ChatCompletion for this because the task is not chat based at all. Use the mean value of rows and columns to decide if they should be marked for deletion."ĭef crop_dark_borders(image_path, threshold): "content": "Write a Python function that takes as input a file path to an image, loads the image into memory as a numpy array, then crops the rows and columns around the perimeter if they are darker than a threshold value. Assistant will output only and only code as a response." Openai.api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY") Also, there's no guarante that it will output only code. Though from my experience, the response time varies. According to this, you can use OpenAI's chat models for code completion, suggestion, etc. However, it was speculated that GitHub Copilot used OpenAI's Codex (which is now deprecated). javinpaul Follow Published in Javarevisited 11 min read. ![]() This action finds a specific version of Python or PyPy from the tools cache on each runner and adds the necessary binaries to PATH, which persists for the rest of the job. These are the best frontend and backend frameworks and libraries Java, Python, Ruby, and JavaScript developers can learn in 2023. GitHub, doesn't publish their APIs publicly, as of yet. To use a pre-installed version of Python or PyPy on a GitHub-hosted runner, use the setup-python action. A powerful JavaScript GraphQL client, designed to work well with React, React Native, Angular 2, or just plain JavaScript. As I understand, GitHub Copilot is an IDE plugin, which makes me wonder how it can be automated or controlled programmatically. Lastly, Python is widely used in data science applications, while Java is better for web and mobile development. I am currently exploring GitHub Copilot and I am interested in using it programmatically, i.e., invoking it from code. Full-Stack Engineer - Git and GitHub, Part I. asdf, Buck, Cake, CUDA, Dart, Data, Deno, Diff, Docz, Fish, Flex, Font, Gcov, Geth, GGTS, Helm, Hexo, Hugo, Java. In addition, Java runs faster than Python as the code it produces is compiled ahead of time. Build Chatbots with Python - Deep Learning and Generative Chatbots Cheatsheets. New Relic - SaaS Application Performance Management for Ruby, PHP. Skylight - The smart profiler for your Rails apps. This makes it easier to read once you understand the language. Tools to use to monitor your Rails app in production. My question is how to capture the top three suggestions provided by Copilot in an automated fashion.įor example, for any given autocomplete task to Copilot, the task is to record the code suggestions and save them into a file. In comparison to Python, Java is more rigid when following its syntax rules. I know very well the OpenAI chat or text completion models. Copilot used the OpenAI models such as gpt-3.5 or gpt-4 behind the scene. It's important to note that the plugin, once downloaded and installed, completes my code automatically. GitHub Copilot does not provide API access to control it programmatically. We know Copilot uses OpenAI models behind the scene as an LLM. I am currently exploring GitHub Copilot, and I am interested in using it programmatically, i.e., invoking it from code. ![]() Answers to this question are eligible for a +500 reputation bounty.Įxploring wants to draw more attention to this question. Code Revisions 1 Download ZIP stacks in python Raw stack. I tried running individual java files but couldn't get them to compile because there was no "ant file" ( what is going on ? ) Later on I found something which I think was that ant file and opened it in conjunction with the file I wanted to run but no success.The bounty expires in 2 days. I've read the manual that was attached with these files and it gives general overview of what can be found in the folders and so on but they don't specify how to build it.Īlso I have eclipse for Java set up and tried to import these files as a project but eclipse rejected and said that no project can be found. What am I supposed to do now to build and run one of their examples ?īefore anyone starts hatin' on me for that question: ![]() Now mind you, I'm not new to programming but this particular area of not knowing how to get things started when I get someones project files is absolutely killing me. This is getting quite frustrating lately as I've downloaded various source codes for various programs from github and I don't know how to build them or run them. ![]() That’s why it’s hard to point out the exact health benefits.Īt this stage, the water comes into contact with natural zeolite. However, the Zen water filter does not give the concentration of H2 or ORP produced in this stage. It can also produce H2 (Molecular hydrogen), and it is known to deliver a couple of health benefits. The purpose of this stage is to produce a negative ORP. The far infrared balls are comparable to the Biocera Alkaline Jug. Here, granular impurities are eliminated. The water will then pass through mineral sand. In this stage, there’s also some small amount of silver that’s used to disinfect and prevent the growth of bacteria. This is a crucial feature of the Zen system, whose work is to remove bad odor, chlorine, herbicides, pesticides, bad tastes, solvents, radon, and volatile organic chemicals, among others. Next, your tap water will pass through activated carbon. Stage II – Silver impregnated granular activated carbon The filter is meant to trap large particles such as debris, dirt, contaminants, and a majority of bacteria. It is a distinct feature of this filter that includes highly-compressed ceramic, which has a 0.2- to 0.5-micron filter. Here is how this filtration system works.įirst, your tap water passes through a micro-ceramic filter dome. Your tap water will pass through a total of six stages to ensure that you have clean and safe water for drinking. How does Zen systems filter work?Ī Zen water system comes with several sets of filters, which serve different purposes. I will show you how it works to get rid of contaminants in your tap water. If you’re curious about how Zen water filter works, you’ve come to the right place. That, however, doesn’t mean that you cannot rely on them to get clean and fresh drinking water.Ī Zen water filter will remove other harmful contaminants such as chlorine, chloramine, and others to make your tap water safe for drinking. Zen water systems are not designed to eliminate fluoride from water. So, does the Zen water filter remove fluoride? Unfortunately, it doesn’t. However, a majority of water filters can’t remove fluoride. Therefore, eliminating it from your drinking water could do some good. Fluoride is known to have negative health impacts on both adults on children. Investing in a good home water filter is one of the best ways to remove fluoride from your tap water. Join us in this comprehensive guide as we are going to take you through the working mechanism of the Zen water filter as we answer the most frequently asked question does the Zen water filter remove fluoride? So stick around and learn. Are you shopping for the best water filter? A Zen water filter is what you might be looking for. Purchased through The Art Foundation of Victoria with the assistance of Alcoa of Australia Limited, Governor, 1994 © Emily Kam Kngwarray/Licensed by Copyright Agency, AustraliaĮmily Kam Kngwarray Body paint: Awely 1993 Presented through The Art Foundation of Victoria by Donald and Janet Holt and family, Governors, 1995 Purchased with funds donated by Supporters and Patrons of Indigenous Art, 2004Įmily Kam Kngwarray Anwerlarr anganenty (Big yam Dreaming) 1995 © Weaver Jack, courtesy of Short Street Gallery, Broome Purchased through the NGV Foundation with the assistance of Catherine Allen and John Calvert-Jones, Members, 2004 Carmichael has used ungaire, a reed that grows in shades of pink and green in rugged, swampy areas on Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island). A traditional flat woven bag, Juno – Reclaiming beautiful Juno depicts the evolution of cultural practices that remain linked to ancestral forms. She was so called because she was so very ugly. When reviewing the collection at Pitt Rivers Musuem, Oxford, Carmichael found an old Pitt Rivers Museum label, which read ‘Coiled basket in buttonhole stitch. Juno – Reclaiming beautiful Juno was created in response to the labelling of woven objects in museums. Gulayi – Quandamooka Women’s dillybag is woven in the spirit of regenerating traditional Quandamooka weaving practices, many of which were dormant as a result of colonisation. The label that accompanied the bag at the Pitt Rivers Museum stated that it had been collected ‘from the scene of a massacre’. Gulayi – Quandamooka Women’s dillybag is a looped and knotted bag, inspired by a bag held in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford. Familiar masterpieces sit alongside inquisitive works and exciting new acquisitions, positioning the NGV Collection as one of immense possibility. These visual juxtapositions reveal overlapping themes and shared tendencies as much they do differences, encouraging audiences to consider the relationship between works in the Collection, both past and present. In the words of Yamatji scholar Dr Stephen Gilchrist, ‘the past is not inaccessible to Indigenous people’, but forms part of a cyclical order that relies on encounters between ancestral and present worlds.Įach of the artists presented has produced works that both build on, and challenge tradition. Stories are often rooted in visual iconographies that are simultaneously passed both up and down the family tree, ensuring they remain consistent even with countless retellings taking place over millennia. The extraordinary longevity and accuracy of First Nations oral and artistic traditions can be credited to the ways in which transgenerational communication has been managed. The works here offer a series of visual dialogues, in order to explore how parallel innovations and continuities can continue to inspire new ways of thinking about art. ![]() Since long before the invention of the written word, First Nations people have passed down important cultural knowledge through a combination of art, song, dance and story. Indigenous art exists as part of a continuum where old meets new, where materialities clash, and perspectives collide. See the Apple Support article Manage the cards that you use with Apple Pay.įor an iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, or Apple Watch, you see your device’s current location on the map as well as any changes in its location. Express Transit cards are removed the next time your device goes online. Credit, debit, and student ID cards are removed even if your device is offline. Any credit or debit cards set up for Apple Pay, student ID cards, and Express Transit cards are removed from your device. Your device can still receive phone calls and FaceTime calls.Īpple Pay is disabled for your device. Your device doesn’t display alerts or make noise when you receive messages or notifications, or if any alarms go off. When you mark a device as lost, the following occurs:Ī confirmation email is sent to your Apple ID email address.Ī message indicating the device is lost and how to contact you appears on the device’s Lock Screen. Open the Find Devices app on your Apple Watch, then tap a device. If your device is lost or stolen, you can turn on Lost Mode for your iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, or Apple Watch, or lock your Mac. Sell, give away, or protect a lost Apple Watch.So it's quite feasible to make the Mac part of the Find My Friends universe, if Apple chose to. Restart, erase, recover, restore, and update You can log into Find My iPhone on a Mac, and see the location of all your 3G- or WiFi-connected devices, including the Mac.Adjust text size and other visual settings.Send, receive, and request money with Apple Watch (U.S.Note: In order to use your iPhone as a microphone on a Mac. The Continuity app opens on your iPhone and begins capturing audio or video from the rear camera. In the app’s menu bar or settings, choose your iPhone as the camera or microphone. If you want to sell, give away, or trade in your device, or you need to send it in for service. On your Mac, open any app that has access to the camera or microphone, like FaceTime or Photo Booth. When you turn off Find My, you lose these capabilities, which can make your device more difficult to recover. Choose a photo album and manage storage Learn more about Activation Lock on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, Activation Lock on your Apple Watch, and Activation Lock on your Mac.Monitor your environmental noise exposure.Remotely access your smart home accessories.Receive retrospective ovulation estimates.Change what’s on the screen during a Fitness+ workout or meditation.Browse Fitness+ workouts and meditations.Listen and respond to incoming notifications.Use your Apple Watch with a cellular network.Use Apple Watch without its paired iPhone.Connect to Bluetooth headphones or speakers.Adjust brightness, text size, sounds, and haptics Try typing 10.0.0.1 or 192.168.0.1 into your browser to access the web interface, then look for an option like Connected Devices, Connected Client List, or Attached Devices to list connected devices.Remove, change, and fasten Apple Watch bands.Change language and orientation on Apple Watch.Set up and pair your Apple Watch with iPhone.Track important health information with Apple Watch. ![]() ![]() Hemorrhoids can cause itching and burning and may bleed during a bowel movement. Contributing factors may include severe constipation or diarrhea, pregnancy, liver disorders, rectal tumors, and the repeated long-term use of laxatives. You might notice that you must wipe several times afterward, and you may be aware of some “extra tissue” protruding through the anus, or note a little trace of blood on the toilet paper. Repeated straining at stool, over time, causes the encircling dilated veins to gradually stretch and get pushed downward through the anus, ahead of the stool. ![]() A typical scenario for developing hemorrhoids might be someone with a little chronic constipation, who sits for several minutes or more for each bowel movement, often reading a magazine or newspaper at the same time. Hemorrhoids can occur at any age, often without apparent cause. External hemorrhoids may be treated with local care to relieve pain if they recur or remain symptomatic they may be surgically removed. A number of treatments are available for internal hemorrhoids. On occasion, internal hemorrhoids may prolapse, or protrude, to the outside, cutting off the blood supply. External hemorrhoids occur just outside the anus and are covered with skin. Internal hemorrhoids occur at the junction of the anus and rectum and are covered with mucous membrane. My doctor told me that the old tag, and the new ones are permanent though, and while I'm not thrilled to have them, the trade-off was WAY more than worth it.Hemorrhoids, or piles, are a sometimes painful mass of distended (swollen) veins in the lining of the anus and rectum, resulting from the formation of varicose veins around the anus. I go to the toilet now, have a poop, and then go on with my day! It is so totally amazing to me still and I had the surgery back in January. I had years and years of completely debilitating pain with my fissure, so am now over the moon that I can poop like a normal person and not have 15 hours of screaming pain afterward. That pain is very minor, and can be completely avoided as long as I'm careful while wiping, so I am not at all unhappy with the outcome. Over a few weeks time, it gradually became less and less painful, and now only hurts if I wipe right on it and without being careful. That one, according to my husband, looked a bit white, was smaller, and almost looked like a pimple. Immediately a fter the surgery however, I developed 3 more tags, one of which was extremely tender, and would become very sore even if a corner of the toilet tissue touched it. I had one sentinel pile before LIS and my doctor said it was better to leave it be, rather than remove it. fissures_can_suck_it Fibre Addict Posts: 27 Topics: 7 Joined:, 20:37 Has thanked: 0 time Been thanked: 0 time Gender: But now I am worried I have another pile, when I just went through surgery to remove two! Sorry for babbling, just stressed and feeling very hopeless. Has anyone had a similar experience? I have been religious with my sitz baths and they help after each BM. This morning when I had my BM, I could feel the pain stemming from the stool passing that area where the tag is. It felt like something was forming, and when i tried to get a better look it resembles a small pile or tag (kinda like a tiny flesh pebble). Then, yesterday I started to feel something "down there". The spasms after the BM last for several hours. The 3rd thru 7th day of recovery I had horrible constipation, even though I take fiber, stool softener, drink plenty of water and eat fruits/veggies. I am also 19 weeks pregnant, so I cannot take pain killers or use any topical ointment. Recovery has been very rough (some good/some bad days). Hello All, I had an anal sphincterotomy for my fissure and removal of two sentinel piles over a week ago. ![]() The only study explicitly investigating gender differences in voice appraisals and interrelating with voices in a quantitative design found more powerful emotional reactions to voices as well as a tendency to respond to them in a more resistant manner in women (Hayward et al. Though gender and perceptions of masculinity/femininity are known factors influencing various aspects of social interaction including power differentials and social appraisals (Eagly 1987 Maccoby, 1990 Rudman and Glick 2008 Ridgeway 2008), little is known about respective gender differences in the voice hearing experience. 2015) and that power differentials between voice and voice hearer play a substantial role in the compliance with command hallucinations (Barrowcliff and Haddock 2006 Reynolds and Scragg 2010). Furthermore, seminal research has highlighted that affective responses to voices such as anxiety, distress, and depressive symptoms are strongly influenced by the voice hearers’ appraisals of the voice (Sorrell et al. 2011 Paulik 2012 Robson and Mason 2015 McCarthy-Jones et al. In recent years, scientists have come to conceptualize voice hearing under an interrelational framework that views the interaction between voice and voice hearer as reciprocal and resembling “real-life interactions” in a number of key characteristics such as social complexity, attachment style, effects of social rank, subordination, and perceptions of power (Benjamin 1989 Birchwood et al. 2013) as well as a substantial risk factor for suicidal or otherwise harmful behavior in many affected individuals (DeVylder and Hilimire 2015 Fujita et al. Verbal auditory hallucinations (VAH) are a core symptom of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and constitute a major source of disease-related distress (Badcock et al. Due to possible favorable effects on clinical outcomes, therapeutic concepts that strengthen instrumental/agentic traits could be a feasible target for psychotherapeutic interventions in voice hearing, especially in women. The gender of both voice and voice hearer shapes the voice hearing experience in manifold ways. These positive effects seem to be more pronounced in women. Regarding voice appraisals, high levels of traits associated with masculinity (=instrumentality/agency) correlated with favorable voice appraisals and balanced power perceptions between voice and voice hearer. Command hallucinations that encouraged participants to harm others were predominantly male. Although basic phenomenological characteristics of voices were similar in both genders, women showed greater amounts of distress caused by the voices and reported a persistence of voices for longer time periods. Men heard significantly more male than female dominant voices, while the gender ratio of dominant voices was balanced in women. ![]() Additionally, the voice hearers’ individual masculine/feminine traits were recorded. One hundred seventeen participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder took part in a semi-structured interview about the phenomenology of their voices and completed standardized self-rating questionnaires on their beliefs about their most dominant male and female voices and the power differentials in their respective voice-voice hearer interactions. Voice hearing has been conceptualized as an interrelational framework, where the interaction between voice and voice hearer is reciprocal and resembles “real-life interpersonal interactions.” Although gender influences social functioning in “real-life situations,” little is known about respective effects of gender in the voice hearing experience. |
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